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Interview

June 25, 2008

Olafur Eliasson

Olafur Eliasson creates temporary art installations that demand to be experienced rather than just seen. His current traveling exhibition, Take your time — now on view at New York's Museum of Modern Art and Long Island City's P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center — surveys a number of his phenomenal works, while the Public Art Fund kicks off his latest monumental project, The New York City Waterfalls, in the New York Harbor's East River this week. Artkrush editor Paul Laster recently caught up with the busy artist to discuss his works at all three sites.

AK:  Take your time at the Museum of Modern Art and P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center offers a wide range of your experimental works from the past two decades. The installations on display are minimalist and seem as if they could be viewed quickly, but the show's title implies otherwise. Why did you choose that title?

OE:  I wouldn't necessarily say that the works are quick or easy to see. Of course, if you enter the museum with a fixed, preconceived idea of what you will experience, then you can run through the exhibition in no time. But to my mind, seeing is not enough. Take your time is more about engaging physically with the works, and the body is really slow — it takes time for different senses to be activated.

AK:  Your Room for one colour light installation at MoMA makes for quite a surreal experience. It not only changes the way we see the space, by bathing it in yellow light, but it changes the way we see one another by tinting us in shades of gray, as though we've been transported back to the era of black-and-white television and film. How did you develop this installation, and what are the best conditions for viewing it?

OE:  Actually, monofrequency light is used in traffic tunnels because it sharpens the drivers' ability to distinguish forms. You see everything in a duotone of black and yellow, and this makes you more alert to your surroundings — it's a safety measure. I don't think there's a "best condition" for the work to be viewed in. The lights can be adapted to the site in which they're installed. At MoMA, we experimented with it, installing the light both in the long contained corridor leading into the exhibition itself as well as in the escalator area. That latter space gives the work a different dimension; it allows the light to spill into the rest of the museum — visitors can see it before actually entering the third floor. And by spreading into the museum, the light gives some importance to the entrance sequence as well. The question is, of course: when does our experience of the show begin? It could even be before we enter the museum.

AK:  You created a number of new mirror installations for Take your time, including four Mirror door works — three at MoMA and one at P.S.1. Each of those pieces utilizes a tripod-mounted spotlight to create a circle of light, which, reflected, exists both in the realm of the mirror and the space of the museum, resembling a portal to a fourth dimension.

OE:  Usually time is considered the fourth dimension — time is embodied in all my works, I'd say — it's not specific to the Mirror doors. But, of course, those works do try to challenge our understanding of dimensionality.

AK:  What role do the 3-D models, maquettes, and prototypes, which are on view in two rooms at P.S.1, play in your process?

OE:  They're models of ideas, tests, experiments — but, then again, so are my so-called "final" works. I don't really find it necessary or productive to make a distinction between the two, except when it comes to scale. The big Take your time mirror at P.S.1 is a model, for instance, that sets up a spatial situation with different dimensions and coordinates from what we usually expect of that space.

AK:  Water is an unlikely material for an artist to use, but you have several works involving water in Take your time: a strobe-lit piece that visually freezes drops of falling water, a rainbow created by light projected on mist, and a gravity-defying waterfall that flows in reverse. Why do you keep returning to water as an element in your work? What does it symbolize to you?

OE:  Water has many connotations — political, environmental, ethical, aesthetic, and so on. It's interesting to work with a material that's entangled in so many discourses; it carries us away from a definition of water as simply H2O. That being said, I don't consider myself as an artist working primarily with natural materials, as some people have suggested. To me, it's not the materials themselves that are interesting in the end, but what they can tell us about how we perceive the world.

AK:  The New York City Waterfalls, a temporary project that you've conceived for the Public Art Fund, places four manmade waterfalls, ranging from 90- to 120-feet high, along the shores of Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Governors Island in the East River in the New York Harbor. Why did you decide to create this grand project for New York?

OE:  It seemed a great opportunity, and I've long wanted to work with the urban tissue of New York. I've been fascinated by the city ever since I lived here for some time in 1991, particularly the negative spaces between the buildings in Manhattan and how they change our way of orienting ourselves in the city. I wanted to look at the waterfront as a kind of negative space as well — it's a place that offers so much potential, but it's often neglected because people tend to focus on the interior of Manhattan.

AK:  How long have you been working on the project?

OE:  I've been thinking about various projects for New York for a very long time, and my discussions with the Public Art Fund go far back. But it was around February 2006 that the project took shape, and everyone involved has been working incredibly hard on it ever since.

AK:  Are the Waterfalls individual works, or one monumental installation?

OE:  It's one project comprising a sequence of works. To me, the time it takes for people to move from one Waterfall to the next is an integral part of the installation.

AK:  What's the best vantage point for viewing them? Will they be lit at night?

OE:  There are so many ways of accessing the Waterfalls — you can walk, bike, go by boat — that there's really no one best vantage point. There will be some light after sunset, but it's not going to function as a spectacular element. I don't want to add a representational filter, if we can call it that. Light is used only to emphasize the volume of the water.

AK:  What kind of environmental impact will the waterfalls have on the river?

OE:  The Public Art Fund consulted with numerous environmental experts to make sure that the falling water won't have a negative impact on the river or animal life. In this way, the project has brought together people from more fields than any of my works ever have before.

AK:  This project is going to totally transform the way we see the New York waterfront. In the end, what kind of experience do you hope the millions of viewers will have?

OE:  I'd like people to be open to their own experience, both individual and collective, without arriving with any assumed understanding of what will happen. This is exactly where engagement becomes crucial — it can make everyone experience something slightly different from everyone else.

Take your time, which is accompanied by a catalogue, is on view at MoMA and P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center through June 30. The New York Waterfalls are on view in the East River in the New York harbor from June 26 to October 13.

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